Globalization and the Digital Divide Essay

Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Example

Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Tropical storm Ike hit the Texas Gulf coast on September 13, 2008 close to Galveston, Texas. At the point when Hurricane Ike hit it enrolled as a classification 2 typhoon; nonetheless, before it hit land the tempest went as high as a classification 5 tropical storm. Despite the fact that this tropical storm was just a classification 2 it despite everything caused significant harm. Tropical storm Ike came shorewards in Texas at 2:10 a. m. CDT, Sept. 13, and brought a surge of water more than 13 feet high, moving through Galveston Island, and on the territory. Ike made landfall with supported breezes close to 110 mph, only 1 mph shy of a Category 3 storm The impacts of Hurricane Ike started to transform Southeast Texas a few days before the Hurricane made landfall. Quite the National Weather Service had even given Hurricane alerts for the networks of Southeast Texas the impacts of the approaching tempest were being felt. The approaching tempest started to cause flooding from the tempest flood. Two days before the tropical storm made landfall, the waves were at that point beating the seawall in Galveston, Texas. We had so much flood that it made the Bayous fill and caused significant flooding in little networks, for instance my locale of Labelle, Texas. There were likewise whole networks that were cleared out, with pretty much every house in the zone completely obliterated. In the network known as Crystal Beach on the Bolivar Peninsula, is the place there were numerous lives lost just as absolute annihilation. This is the place numerous families, including my own, had sea shore lodges that were completely crushed by the tempest and tempest flood. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The flood here really began 2 days before the tempest hit. In the territory of Bolivar Peninsula there were around 150 individuals that had remained behind and didn't tune in to the admonitions of the up and coming tempest. Tragically a large portion of the 150 individuals that remained behind became survivors of the tempest. Numerous individuals lost their lives attempting to escape as the water rose. There were numerous vehicles found close to a town considered High Island the individuals were attempting to make it to. In the vehicles they discovered individuals who had passed on while attempting to make it to wellbeing. Still right up 'til the present time there are individuals who have not been represented, very nearly 3 years after the fact. Ike was accused for around 195 passings. Of these, 74 were in Haiti. In the United States, 112 individuals were slaughtered, and 23 are as yet absent. Because of its enormous size, Ike caused demolition from the Louisiana coastline right to the Kenedy County, Texas Kenedy County is a province situated in the U. S. territory of Texas. It is a piece of the Kingsville Micropolitan Statistical Area. In 2000, its populace was 414. Its seat is Sarita, and the region is named for Mifflin Kenedy, an early farmer in the region district close to Corpus Christi, Texas. Corpus Christi, TexasCorpus Christi is a seaside city in the South Texas district of the U. S. territory of Texas. The province seat of Nueces County, it additionally reaches out into Aransas, Kleberg, and San Patricio areas. The MSA populace in 2008 was 416,376 what's more, Ike caused flooding and noteworthy harm along the Mississippi is a U. S. state situated in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and biggest city. The name of the state gets from the Mississippi River, which streams along its western limit, which namesake is from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi coastline and the Florida Panhandle. The Florida Panhandle, a casual, informal term for the northwestern piece of Florida, is a portion of land approximately 200 miles in length and 50 to 100 miles wide , lying between Alabama on the north and the west, Georgia likewise on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico toward the south Damages from Ike in U. S. oastal and inland regions are evaluated at $29. 6 billion (2008 USD), with extra harm of $7. 3 billion in Cuba (the costliest tempest ever in that nation), $200 million in the Bahamas, and $500 million in the Turks and Caicos, adding up to an aggregate of at any rate $37. 6 billion in harm. Ike was the third costliest Atlantic typhoon ever, behind Hurricane Andrew Hurricane Andrew was the third most remarkable tropical storm to make landfall in the Uni ted States during the twentieth century, after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 and Hurricane Camille in 1969. f 1992 and Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic tropical storm season was the costliest catastrophic event, just as one of the five deadliest typhoons, throughout the entire existence of the United States. Among recorded Atlantic tropical storms, it was the 6th most grounded by and large. of 2005. The tropical storm likewise brought about the biggest clearing of Texans in that states history. It turned into the biggest pursuit and-salvage activity in U. S. history. Because of the power of the tempest, Texas shut a considerable lot of its substance plants and petroleum processing plants. Since a significant part of the United States oil refining limit is situated in Texas, the closings caused a transitory increment in the costs of gas, home warming oil, and flammable gas. Increments were especially high in North Carolina Nort particularly in the mountains, where normal North Carolina is a state situated on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state outskirts South Carolina and Georgia toward the south, Tennessee toward the west and Virginia toward the north. North Carolina contains 100 regions. Its capital is Raleigh, and its biggest city is Charlotte costs were as much as 60 pennies higher than the national normal. The end of treatment facilities so not long after Hurricane Gustav, and the time required to restart creation, additionally brought about deficiencies of gas in such places as the Carolinas and Tennessee, halfway because of frenzy purchasing. Primer post-storm harm assesses in the US were put at 18 billion US dollars Panic buyin Panic purchasing is an uncertain regular use term to portray the demonstration of individuals purchasing bizarrely a lot of an item fully expecting or after a debacle or saw calamity, or fully expecting a huge cost increment or deficiency, as can happen before a snowstorm or tropical storm or government 2008) as expressed by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Tragically there were numerous that didn't tune in to the notice of the up and coming tempest because of a bogus departure only half a month prior to that of Hurricane Ike from another tempest that missed the zone. Numerous individuals didn't accept that the tempest was going to turn and that they would be sheltered. Individuals, I accept, have gained from Hurricane Ike and understood that you have to take each departure genuine and secure yourself and your family. Assets: http://beach front. er. usgs. gov/tropical storms/ike/post-storm-photographs/file. php recovered on June 15, 2011 http://www. absoluteastronomy. com/themes/Hurricane_Ike recovered on June 15, 2011 http://www. nasa. gov/mission_pages/typhoons/files/2008/h2008_ike. html recovered on June 15, 2011 The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, regularly alluded to as the ABC , is Australias national open telecaster

A Black History Month Reading List to Re-imagine Trumpspeak America

A Black History Month Reading List to Re-imagine Trumpspeak America In an era of doublespeak, George Orwells 1984  has found new appeal for US readers. In response to White House alt-facts, readers  have reportedly flocked to  Orwells dystopic analysis of the perils of  Stalinism, set in a parallel post-WWII  Britain. Orwells book certainly has wide  appeal. Beyond its literary charms, it gives us a view on why people like us  fall in line with a  suffocating, autocratic system. Beyond 1984,  a number of  authors and book lovers have come up with more lists of what to read  in an era of Trumpspeak. Yet most of the listed works about fascist futures, resistance reading, and Trumptopias have been made up of  works by white writers. The current turn towards  militarist-laissez-faire nativism in the US surely borrows a good deal from  the KKK and  other anti-Reconstruction forces. Americas great black writers arent the only ones writing about these forces. But the seven books below are some of the greatest works grappling with a made-in-America doublefact. They aso show not just a catastropic collapse, but in the cracks other, better possibilities. The seven: Kindred, Octavia Butler.  If were going to talk about American doublespeak, we should certainly talk about establishing a land of the free in a nation where slavery was law. Kindred  takes place largely in the nineteenth-century slaveholding South.  But, through a bit of Butlerian magic, it also takes place in the 1970s, as its a mixed-race couple who is thrown back into the heart of American slavery. The novel  threads together disparate times in US history, and allows us  to rethink both present and past. Black Reconstruction in America,  W.E.B. DuBois.  After slavery, there was Reconstruction. Or, at least, an attempt at Reconstruction. This, too, was a time of doublethink, doublespeak, and a rising nativism. DuBoiss work is scholarship, but  it too encourages us to think through other possibilities. DuBoiss clear-eyed magnum opus was hardly appreciated in its time, and still stands as a great work of regular, good, decent  fact facts. Underground Railroad, Colson Whitehead.  This brilliant book, published just last year, is a brilliant full-frontal look at American history that doesnt subscribe to the Manifest Destiny, up-by-our-bootstraps, forward-march approach of most American narratives. Instead of taking us forward in time, as though things always improve when we head through time,  it takes us  around different parts of America in a Swiftian journey, many of which are rife with alt-fact-speak. Home,  Toni Morrison. This 2012 novel, by Americas only living Nobel-literature laureate, centers around Korean War veteran Frank Money, who brings Americas external war home with him. This is a novel about how we fail to  understand each other, and the limits of empathy. But its also about the tragedies we enact elsewhere, and how these stories, and these words, become part of Americas story. The Healing, Gayl Jones. Told through an African-American autodidact faith healer. Here, in the face of fascist alt-facts, there is magic, healing, self-healing, and belief.     Parable of the Talents  and  Parable of the Sower,  Octavia Butler.  Seven Stories Press is re-issuing these two books, with gorgeous new covers, for obvious reasons. These are Butlers two books that show how America descends into MAGA madness, centered on  a Texas-bred presidential candidate who uses the slogan Make America Great Again (yes, really) as a siren call  to his movement toward populist-nativist-misogynist-racism. But  then, beautifully,  The Parable of the Sower  also shows  how the country finds its way out. Although there are no red hats emblazoned with MAGA, and a few other things depart from 2017, theres  plenty thats  familiar among the fantastic worlds of militias that act out their Christian-nativist fantasies and bring back slavery. But Butler is never a writer of defeat, and, when reading her very bleakest scenarios, the reader always knows there will be a  counterpoint of creation.

Nucor Case Analysis Essay - 2164 Words

Nucor Corporation Case Analysis Section 1: Recommendations Recommendation 1: To expand more internationally by building plants in lower property taxed areas with low tariffs to ship products out. Recommendation 2: To put in place job descriptions for employees. By doing this it will save Nucor litigation fees and troubles if something arises in the workplace between the employee and Nucor about job duties, injuries, etc. Recommendation 3: Other than expanding internationally, Nucor should make joint ventures with suppliers to keep the cost down of the product. A lot of scrap that is used is imported so it would be a good idea for Nucor to utilize that to reduce costs of making their products. Section 2: Problem(s) Even†¦show more content†¦Another recommendation that I have for Nucor is instead of buying existing plant capacity, make new plants elsewhere or form a joint venture with a supplier to help save money. (Exhibit 3) This would decrease cost of supplies so they would have the extra money to build elsewhere or build a ne plant. By using the SWOT analysis (Exhibit 1) it let me break up Nucor into different parts to see what their strengths and weaknesses are. Nucor is solid with technology and treating the employees correct but the weaknesses that affect Nucor are more market based with some internal problems. Nucor has products for many different industries including automotive and housing. This can cause issues for Nucor if those industries take a fall, which they have over the last 5 years. It’s a good idea to be in these industries but Nucor has to realize what can happen to sales and revenues when one or both of those industries take a fall. Nucor has been expanding more in the United States, recently just building a plant in Louisiana (Exhibit 5). This plant will be a 750 million dollar purchase and will be a mill for pig iron. Nucor is expanding all over the United States but needs more presence internationally plan and simple. Nucor is a solid company with shareholder equity increasing each year; they have a solid stock in the NASDAQ market and continue to be a healthy steel company. They can and willShow MoreRelatedNucor Case Analysis4059 Words   |  17 PagesIndividual Case Analysis BUS490 Comprehensive Examination Nucor Steel Corporation Written by: Lukas Kubilius Professors: Bonnie J. Straight Julian J. Prewitt Lithuania Christian College 2 March 2005 Overview of situation Nucor Corporation with 24 plants/divisions and 8,000 employees, operated in nine states recycling more than 10 million tons of scrap steel annually. Producing carboy and alloy steel in barsRead MoreEssay on Nucor Case Analysis1235 Words   |  5 PagesNucor Corporation – Case Study and Recommendations on Strategy Nucor Corporation – Case Study and Recommendations on Strategy Introduction Nucor Corporation: Competing against Low Cost Steel imports deals with leading steel manufacturer Nucor Corporation and trends in the steel industry affecting Nucor. Steel manufacturing is an old business, but is currently facing the fast changes associated with new technologies, the rise of globalization, and changes in cost and efficiency. To date, NucorRead MoreNucor Case Analysis4046 Words   |  17 PagesIndividual Case Analysis BUS490 Comprehensive Examination Nucor Steel Corporation Written by: Lukas Kubilius Professors: Bonnie J. Straight Julian J. Prewitt Lithuania Christian College 2 March 2005 Overview of situation Nucor Corporation with 24 plants/divisions and 8,000 employees, operated in nine states recycling more than 10 million tons of scrap steel annually. Producing carboy and alloy steel in bars, beams, sheet, andRead MoreNucor Corporation Case Analysis Essay2454 Words   |  10 Pages11/9/2010 Nucor Corporation Memo Response: Per your request I have analyzed Nucor Corporation and the steel industry. After performing both strategic and financial analysis I offer my recommendations. Executive Summary: Nucor Corporation was the most profitable steel producer in North America in both 2005 and 2006. It is regarded as a low-cost steel producer in the United States, and one of the most efficient and technologically innovative steel producers in the world. Nucor is knownRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesCase Studies C-1 INTRODUCTION Preparing an effective case analysis C-3 CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 ABB in China, 1998 C-16 Ansett Airlines and Air New Zealand: A flight to oblivion? C-31 BP–Mobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beeflessRead MoreAnalysis Of Nucor s Strategy For Cost Leadership Strategy915 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the case study, Nucor has been opting for cost leadership strategy. Cost leadership is an approach that relates a firm pursuing to get the lowest cost in industry. According to Nucor’s case study, it is absolute that Nucor applies correctly and successfully in cost leadership as it has managed to gain relatively low cost of their production. The firm builds manufacturing plants inexpensively and guarantees that they are operated efficiently. Due to Nucor has maintained high profits evenRead MoreCritical Success Factors Of The Company1115 Words   |  5 PagesSituational Analysis 3.1 External Analysis 3.1.1 Critical Success Factors Cost Leadership Strategy: The adoption of cost leadership has been a significant success determinant for the company. Therefore, Nucor has assured that it becomes a cost leader through the use of advanced technologies in steel manufacturing. As well as Nucor invested actively in research and development and applied a lean management structure that improves efficiency for production. Technology and Innovation: Nucor took intoRead MoreNucor at Crossroads1352 Words   |  6 PagesNucor at a Crossroads Nucor at a Crossroads Case Analysis In 1986, three distinct segments defined the U.S. steel industry; integrated steel mills, mini-mills, and specialty steel makers. The integrated mills have the capacity to produce a maximum of 107 million tons of steel per year, mini-mills produced a maximum of 21 million tons of capacity a year, and the nation’s specialty steel makers could produce a maximum capacity of 5 million tons of stainless and specialty grades of steel. This leadsRead MoreNucor Case1339 Words   |  6 PagesNUCOR MEMORANDUM To: F. Kenneth Iverson and Management Team of Nucor Corporation CC: AGSM Faculty Teams Subject: Investment Decision Date: 04/22/2009 From: 1713898 The Situation In 1986, flat sheet segment contained 52% of US total steel market1. Nucor Corporation, which is a steel minimill well-known for its leadership, efficient operation and well-structured compensation, is showing the interest in the flat sheet segment. At the same time, there are many new thin-slab casting technologies toRead MoreNucor Case Study Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesNUCOR (25 Points) 1. List and elaborate some strategic issues facing NUCOR? Nucor has been facing many industry challenges including the overall development of the industry. They are competing with foreign firms on cost and efficiency. Nucor has a low cost strategy because as they say their product is not necessarily very attractive. It does not have attractive or unique selling features other than its cost. The commodity of steel is in a very competitive market. Nucor understands that innovation

Tale of Two Cities French Revolution - 1080 Words

â€Å"’You’d be in a Blazing bad way, if recalling to life was to come into fashion, Jerry.’† (Pg. 21) From when Dr. Manette is released from imprisonment, to Carton’s last thoughts, resurrection is always present throughout the novel. A Tale of Two Cities describes the French Revolution, and how it impacted the lives of his main characters, including, Dr. Manette, Jerry Cruncher, and Sydney Carton. The theme of resurrection is a recurrent subject Dickens uses to show the transformation of his character’s lives, Jerry Cruncher and his ironic title, â€Å"Resurrection Man,† Dr. Manette’s, â€Å"recalled to life,† and Sydney Carton’s self sacrifice. Throughout the book, Jerry Cruncher is referred to as a â€Å"Resurrection Man,† due to his trade of unearthing†¦show more content†¦There is nothing in you to like; you know that.† (Pg. 91) After meeting Lucie Manette for the first time, Carton fall s head over heels in love with her. Unfortunately for him, nothing grows out of the blossoming relationship except a wonderful friendship. He describes her love as something that, â€Å"†¦stirred old shadows that I thought had died out of me.† (Pg. 154) From the very beginning, Carton starts down a road of unrequited love, later envying Charles Darnay for getting the girl, â€Å"Change places with him, and would you have been looked at by those blue eyes as he was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 91) Sydney Carton comes to realize that there are things worth dying for, Lucie’s happiness, being one of them. Acting out of extreme self-sacrifice, Carton lays down his life to save Darnay in order to ensure the wellbeing of the Darnay family and most importantly, Lucie’s. Waiting for death to come, Sydney turns to the bible verse, â€Å"I am the Resurrection and the Life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth a nd believeth in me shall never die.† (Pg. 366) Carton’s legacy lives on when the Darnay’s name their child after him. The boy goes on to become everything Sydney was not. During his life, Sydney Carton could be described as a drunk, a shrewd, and an all around unhappy person, but in the end everyone saw himShow MoreRelatedA Tale Of Two Cities And The French Revolution1006 Words   |  5 PagesA Tale of Two Cities was a story about sacrifice and revenge before and during revolutionary France. Charles Dickens thought that if things did not change, then a violent revolution in England, similar to the French Revolution, was possible or in the future. In â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†, Charles Dickens symbolizes the discord that the English and the French faced as he tears apart the two systems of their society. Charles Dickens, a brilliant author back in the 1850’s, wrote â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†Read MoreDuring the French Revolution, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens948 Words   |  4 PagesA Tale of two cities is a compelling tale written by Charles Dickens. The tale takes place in London and Paris. Main characters Dr. Manette, Lucie Manette, Charles Darnay, Sydney Carton, and the Defarges are chronicled before the French Revolution and when the revolution begins throughout France. The author Charles Dickens explores the economic disparity between rich and poor within in the two cities and topics during enlightenment such as revolution in political thinking. In addition to establishingRead MoreInterpreting the French Revolution Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens825 Words   |  3 Pagesnovel A Tale of Two Cities, the author Charles Dickens explains to us, the readers, how he interpreted the French Revolution including his thoughts and concerns for the time p eriod. This period is referring to the 18th century when the uprisings began. In this violence, groups of people were brought together to stir up havoc among the cities. Charles uses the common parallels of the two cities to bring them together as one. By using his paradoxes just as he started the story, he brings two placesRead MoreViolent Attributes of the French Revolution in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dicken620 Words   |  2 Pages people stealing, and people dying; during the French Revolution these were common themes. These violent attributes of the Revolution pushed the inherent goodness in people to a breaking point and at times resulted in their poor choices and uncharacteristic deeds. In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens shows foils between the rich and the poor, explaining the lengths people will go to undermine the stress of the Revolution. In A Tale of Two Cities, the Monseigneur symbolizes a very rich and powerfulRead More A Tale of Four Novels1596 Words   |  7 Pagesonce stated, My faith in the people governing is, on the whole, infinitesimal; my faith in the people is, on the whole, illimitable.(Fido 102), this is certainly reflected in A tale of two cities, which is a historical novel written by Dickens that outlines the events of the French Revolution through the story of a French aristocrat named Charles Darnay. Darnay is a Parisian aristocrat that renounces his aristocracy in order to pursue a new life in London where he falls in love with a woman by theRead MoreAll Things Run Their Course1744 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath (- Greek Mythology). Charles Dickens manifests his belief in fate in the novel A Tale of Two Cities as an explanation for the inevitability of the French Revolution. The plot of A Tale of Two Cities revolves around the concept that the tension between social classes ineluctably causes the Fr ench Revolution. The first book Recalled to Life foreshadows the revolution and depicts the severe poverty of the french villagers. Dr. Manette, a Bastille prisoner of eighteen years, is freed, by his beautifulRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe era surrounding the French Revolution was a horrifically bloody and violent period of history – the best of times and the worst of times. The violence enacted by the citizens of French on their fellow countrymen set a gruesome scene in the cities and country sides of France. Charles Dickens uses a palate of storm, wine, and blood imagery in A Tale of Two Cities to paint exactly how tremendously brutal this period of time was. Dickens use of storm imagery throughout his novel illustrates to theRead MoreTale Of Two Cities Analysis704 Words   |  3 PagesCharles Dickens, a brilliant author back in the 1850’s, wrote â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† in order to describe the similarities between the forces that led to the revolution and the oppression and unrest occurring in England. The French revolution impacts history because the time period in which it takes place is before and during the French revolution. The French revolution signifies the essence of a rapid change, nevertheless, this change tore France right at the heart, where all the government wasRead MoreA New Revolution in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens785 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"When the people fear the government, there is tyranny. When the government fears the people, there is liberty.† - Thomas Jefferson A quote from the book A Tale of Two Cities is â€Å"The Republic One and Indivisible of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death†. This quote was used by the revolutionaries during the time of the French revolution; however, this quote is ironic because it stands against what the revolutionaries wanted to change. It stands against the freedoms of Ideas, Liberty, and EqualityRead MoreCharles Dickens - Pro or Anti French Revolution Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens - Pro or Anti French Revolution? The tale of two cities written by Charles Dickens is at the time period of the French revolution. But it is not understood if Charles likes the French revolution or if he’s against it? Charles Dickens sees the poverty in all the peasants, he sees that peasants are becoming solemn and deadly the people are. Charles sees that the rich treat the poor like garbage. The French revolution made France more disorganized then before. Charles agrees

Competency Hospitality Industry Employees †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competency Hospitality Industry Employees? Answer: Introducation The three chosen subjects from stage 1 are food and beverage management, Housekeeping and management concepts that are learnt in hotel and hospitality management (Brown, Arendt and Bosselman 2014). Food and beverage management is about having the knowledge of food service operations along with hospitality at the initial level. However, in addition to the nutrition and the cooking classes the students also have the liberty to take part in internships that encourages developments of hands-on skills (Davis et al. 2013). Along with this various culinary arts and wines is also learned. This particular subject helps any student to take on the roles as a manager at the time of their placements in hospitality and hotel industry. This subject further helps in preparing an individual with the job skills that are need to succeed in this industry along with the skills of leadership that is needed for a continuous career in the industry of restaurant and food service (Suh, West and Shin 2012). Am ong the visitors in the hotels or resorts, 25% of them are ascribing to food and beverage when they are travelling. However, in the industry placement the knowledge or benefits of this subject that is described were an expanded awareness about tourism that is in this industry every day come with a new challenge as guest are new (Nieves, Quintana and Osorio 2014). Thus, for instance any employee who is working in a profession of food and beverage will have the understanding of all the steps of the hotel takes in its supply chain. Thus, the experience of the employee will be that what resources are required to create certain dishes or drinks. Apart from this, an employee who is working for this food and beverage industry will also check the foods and drinks received by the customers for free or at lower prices. This work is totally based on working with the people and so for those working in this part that is food and beverage management definitely the job will be stressful (Brotherto n 2012). However, the food and beverage department in any hospitality business is accountable for retaining elevated quality of food and services, costing of the food and managing the restaurants and bars. This service is of the services related to food that are cooked in the kitchen and the drinks that are blended in the bar for the customers at the food and beverage place. Moreover, these outlets are divided in different categories like there are different types of restaurants, lounge, bar, nightclubs, in room dining, meeting and conference rooms, ballrooms, delicatessens along with the outlets of food and snack bars. Thus, this department deals with so many categories and make sure that work is done with full customer service. Food and beverage managers are employed in restaurants, coffee shops, bars, clubs, hotels and other places where foods and drinks are served. Therefore, this subject has a weight age for the students of hotel and hospitality management (AbuKhalifeh and Som 2012). The next subject is housekeeping. The role of housekeeping in hotel and hospitality management is huge. This department of housekeeping takes pleasure in keeping the hotels polished and comfortable for their guests (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). However, the main aim of the Housekeeping staffs is to provide clean, attractive as well as comfortable and a welcoming environment to the customers that can provide them the value of their money paid. Therefore, housekeeping can be defined as the presentation of a polished, comfortable and safe surrounding. Housekeeping has a huge importance, as it is the operational department of the hotels, which is also accountable for the maintenance, and aesthetic services of rooms, the public areas, back areas and the environment (Daskin and Tezer 2012). Thus, not only it produces polished and attractive guestroom on time for those customers but it also has the responsibility to maintains everything in a hotel so that the hotel property is viewed as fr esh and attractive for the customers to enhance the business. Therefore, Housekeeping contributes in a huge way regarding the overall character of the business being an ancillary department. Thus in the subject that teaches about housekeeping students learn what are basic that should be done in an extraordinary way like cleaning, organizing, decorating and primary home repairs. Thus the knowledge gained from the subject Housekeeping is the basic functioning that are use to keep the facility clean. However, for the industry placement if some examples are to be considered where the knowledge of the housekeeping can be applied is to perform various activities of cleaning like sweeping, mopping, dusting along with polishing (Suh, West and Shin 2012). At these various activities, the knowledge that is learnt must be utilized followed by the verification of very room that must be taken care and inspected according to the business standard and satisfaction of the customers. For the student s of housekeeping they further look after that guests do not feel that there is any insufficiency of the basic requirements. Lastly, their sole responsibility is also to inform their superiors about any damage, shortfall and disruptions. However, the department of housekeeping has an important role to play in any hospitality industry. Roles like achieving the utmost possible productivity in ensuring the care as well as comfort of the customers through a smooth working of this department. Then they also have to maintain a welcoming environment and verify increased standards of cleanliness and general maintenance in those areas that comes under housekeeping. Apart from these, they also keep a tract and provide uniforms for all the employees coming under this department, laundering requirements of the quest clothing and the clothes of hotel are also induced in this, they also handle the issues if any articles are lost or they found some materials. They also maintains the landscaped are as of the hotel and helps with floral decorations, they renovate and refurnish the hotel or resort properties with the concern of manager or interior designers. They however maintain a cordial working relationship with all the other departments and most importantly, they confirm that the safety and security orders are circulated to all the employees of the department (Chen and Shen 2012). The last subject that was learnt was about the management concepts. The managerial concepts are those that will help a hotel and hospitality management student to plan, organize, staffing, directing then coordinating and controlling the works in their business (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). However this subject make a student learn about the essential skills for a future employee of this business are as follows:- Innovation- this concept teaches how to always pursue the ways by which one can improve the organization. Strong managers will thus, highlight quality over the quantity in their work and by themselves will take the initiative. However, the focus of this concept is to make the students learn something new each day to enhance their skills. Vision- vision is needed to achieve certain goals. Thus, the hospitality managers are holding the sole responsibility to communicate the vision of the business and to ask others to share and implement that vision. Management concepts teach students how they can inspire others towards the goal of the business. Inner values- this concept makes students aware that they must have recognition about the values that have been imbibed to them by their families and they are made aware that a balance is essential in their work life to become successful. The essential features of this concept are sense of humor when dealing with the customers, knowing, and raising the strength one has to flourish in this business. Inspiration- managers in this business must inspire their co-workers in various ways. Thus, in a real working condition the manager must ask for the inputs and ideas. Thus, when a manager is able to inspire the other staffs then they also will get confidence and know that what is expected from them. The employees will also feel authorized to make part in decision-making and thus can work towards the targeted goal. Communication- managerial concepts teach that managers must be a good communicator. Thus, the qualities that they must have are of being a good speaker and a good listener. However, managers must be interested and curious by asking questions to all the delivering services. However, during the industry placement the knowledge that are provided on management concepts are like example the managers will always be responsible for the work done by them and so an advance planning or thinking is always required from their side. Thus, the main concern for them are planning, organizing, activating and controlling. Moreover, it is very important for employees in this hospitality business to know the management concepts so that they can understand the culture of the organization for which they are working along with its benefits and through this, they can bring together the vision, mission and goals of the organization at one place. The best hotel and hospitality organization will always have a standard culture, which is assisted by the belief that the organization holds and reflects through their commitment and practices of their work. Through the management concepts, one can learn more about the customers needs and can be successful in fulfilling their needs wit hout much issues and deficiencies (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). This hotel and hospitality industry is a huge business that is focused on the customers satisfaction. However, though this industry has various services but its main is one and only the customers. Customers are of six types in the hospitality business and they are the ones who know it all, the important ones, the loyal one, indecisive one, young family and complainer (Prudhomme and Raymond 2013). However, it is the practical knowledge and the individual instincts that cannot be learnt from books rather it comes along with experiences of interacting. The knowledge that is learnt in the campus is not always applicable in the industrial placement but rather certain adaptation is required in the areas of communication. As the priority in this industry is its customers, thus their satisfaction is of highest concern. However, communication skills cannot be learned in the campus until and unless one is interacting with the customers. In situations where the customer is, visiting a hotel for the first time will not have a clear communication with the staffs of that hotel (Wang 2013). The customer will not be aware of where the guest rooms are and how they should get there. This particular situation will not be described in any book or there will not be any in hand solution that can be put. Rather the front office staffs of this industry have to approach and build that communication when the guests check in. In another situation, like in a hotel if any customer receives in incorrect order then that means that the server has not been communicating with the customer properly. Thus, from instances it is proved that front office staffs may face such crises also, where they need to be spontaneous when faced by such situations and no knowledge of the campus can help them. Thus, communication skills are the one that cannot be learned in the campus rather one needs to adapt skills like being a good listener, not interrupting the customers, to avoid negative questions, using pos itive statements more, extremely careful of misinterpreting words or phrases, anticipating the objections and questions of the customers, keeping them informed (Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu 2014). The front office staffs must brush up and adopt the skills of communication like showing empathy, being friendly, having an open mindedness, respecting the customers, friendliness, being confident and the important part is open to get feedbacks from the customers as well as from the other staff members. However, these communications skills cannot be acquired through any books or in campus but rather it can only be obtained by dealing with situations and gaining experiences based on the spontaneous decision taking at those situations. In a work place situation nothing is theory based very situation an employee face is based on their spontaneous decision-making skill and their practical experiences. Nonetheless, what is learned in campus solely rely on the theoretical concepts. Therefore, what is learnt in the campus cannot be directly applied in a work place situation when communicating with the various customers (Testa and Sipe 2012). References AbuKhalifeh, A.N. and Som, A.P.M., 2012. Service quality management in hotel industry: a conceptual framework for food and beverage departments.International Journal of Business and Management,7(14), p.135. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Brotherton, B. ed., 2012.International Hospitality Industry. Routledge. Brown, E.A., Arendt, S.W. and Bosselman, R.H., 2014. Hospitality management graduates perceptions of career factor importance and career factor experience.International Journal of Hospitality Management,37, pp.58-67. Chen, T.L. and Shen, C.C., 2012. Today's intern, tomorrow's practitioner?The influence of internship programmes on students' career development in the Hospitality Industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(1), pp.29-40. Daskin, M. and Tezer, M., 2012. Organizational politics and turnover: An empirical research from hospitality industry.Turizam: znanstveno-stru?ni ?asopis,60(3), pp.273-291. Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I. and Alcott, P., 2013.Food and beverage management. Routledge. Law, R., Buhalis, D. and Cobanoglu, C., 2014. Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), pp.727-750. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Nieves, J., Quintana, A. and Osorio, J., 2014. Knowledge-based resources and innovation in the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,38, pp.65-73. Prudhomme, B. and Raymond, L., 2013. Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.116-126. Suh, E., West, J.J. and Shin, J., 2012. Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(2), pp.101-112. Suh, E., West, J.J. and Shin, J., 2012. Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(2), pp.101-112. Testa, M.R. and Sipe, L., 2012. Service-leadership competencies for hospitality and tourism management.International journal of hospitality management,31(3), pp.648-658. Wang, Y.F., 2013. Constructing career competency model of hospitality industry employees for career success.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(7), pp.994-1016.

Mussolini knew that he could never influence those with education and culture, so his propaganda was solely aimed at the ignorant masses Essay Example

Mussolini knew that he could never influence those with education and culture, so his propaganda was solely aimed at the ignorant masses Essay How far do you agree with this assessment of Fascist propaganda? (1924-1936)It is true to say that much of the fascist propaganda implemented during Mussolinis dictatorship was created for the ignorant masses. However, the propaganda cannot be described as being solely aimed at typical Italians as other forms were used to reach the high cultured and educated members of the public.The use of the term ignorant masses has a specific context within this assessment. As the text describes what Mussolini knew and how he acted, we can understand the words to be thought of as Mussolinis interpretation of the general public. He was known to describe them as stupid, dirty, do not work hard enough and are content with their little cinema show (Robson), thus beneath him. Mussolini knew that they were the easier option and more susceptible to propaganda, he was aware of the educated and cultured posing a difficult task and almost a threat. His appeasement with this higher cultured group determines the level of propaganda taken upon the ignorant masses. However there were still forms of propaganda that did contact the high cultured and educated, whether intentional or not, and some attempts to reach those slightly less educated and cultured than the intellectuals.Fascist propaganda had many forms and ways to affect people. As Robson comments one must strike the imagination of the public: that is the real secret of how to govern Thats what Mussolini felt Visually high impact and vocally arousing propaganda was the most useful to the Fascists as at least 17% of Italy was completely illiterate throughout 1924-1936. This propaganda could affect the emotive aspect of human nature rather than the intellectual features. The mass media such as posters and radio were a way to impose propaganda upon the completely uneducated. Words are not necessary to crate an immediate and strong impact where the use of colour and image are. The poster for the Olympic Games displaying a javelin thro wer in line with an Italian soldier launching a grenade links Italian prowess in sport with war (Hite). It encourages the fascist ideas of aggressive foreign policy and creates an image of the viewer himself also being capable of doing something great for his country, out on the battlefield instead of the sports field. Posters would contact all groups of people from housewives doing their daily groceries to southern peasant farmers. This particular tactic emphasises the intended audience as an educated and cultured person would be able to see the hidden message. It may also not be interesting enough to attract their attention in the first place as a poster cannot replace literature, art and other cultured interests. This Fascist propaganda was aiming at the most uneducated through the lack of text and use of image.In 1924 radio became state run and content controlled. Their stern, martial tone had as much of an impact as their content of music and ever increasing official broadcasts such as Mussolinis major speeches. Few people had radios although their numbers increased from 40 000 in 1927 to 1 million in 1938. This was renovated by the use of loud speakers in the piazzas and radios in village halls. Although disregarded by Mussolini at first, the radio became a favoured tool in reaching the ignorant masses whether at work, home or even school. Cinema also became a more popular device. Although it was lightly censored, a government agency LUCE was created to produce cinegiornali which were created to standardise cinema outings and indoctrinate viewers with images of a happy and successful Italy. Again the cinema was accessible to many as it was affordable e.g. working class, youth and so was often used for propaganda.Through mass activities such as parades and rallies, Fascism was able to gain support by representing itself through the spectacles themselves, and as Robson observes, striking the imagination. Mussolini obtained details from Stalin of Soviet May Day parades which he imitated, and by creating a bold and exciting atmosphere and strengthening this though large scale, people were enthralled by the new things set before them. At the same time Fascism could transfer values of discipline and collective identity upon observers. Many types of people would be affected by the spectaculars, by being in the presence of them or hearing the roaring crowds and charismatic Piazza Politics on the radio. In the South, radios would be stationed at village halls for the farmers and peasants to hear. This supports the idea that Fascist propaganda was aimed at the ignorant masses (the general public) as it reached out to many. It subtly imposed these ideas by striking patriotic feeling, implying the idea of restoring Italy to a powerful exciting nation.Sport, another mass activity, promoted national pride and the physical and emotional struggle for war. Again it brought about a sense of collective identity, social solidarity and discipline via e xcellent access, opportunity and provision. Many new stadiums were built and successful national teams were seen as a way to increase national pride and therefore support for the regime. E.g. Carnera became the heavyweight boxing champion from 1933-1935. Anyone could take part at low cost, however sport may have reached out to the higher educated and cultured as some may have had interests in sport before Fascists propaganderised it.In terms of culture, the Fascists simplified high cultural aspects such as art to incorporate it into every day life for the masses. Its use was to hark back to ancient Rome, which in itself was a powerful symbol of greatness and success. Art had greater provision such as through architecture so that it had a strong impact throughout day to day life. However impressive it may have been in the large towns and cities, the peasant southern towns saw little of this, only on posters which had a lesser impact. The expense was therefore questionable considering the overall impact. Other failure stems from cultural diversity in Italy. One Fascist style could not be decided upon, and to do this would appear far too obvious as indoctrination and control. Particularly with more educated classes, e.g. teachers- Mussolini classed as the ignorant masses, who may have seen through it and would retract their support. All other aspects of Fascist propaganda were tried to be subtle and so art was a tough area to settle on.Defining those with education and high culture needs to be in context of Mussolinis character. His view of those with culture and education will be in league with himself, the messiah or comparatively close in relation to the ignorant masses. With Mussolini as an arrogant and condescending leader, it is drastic for him to know that he could absolutely never influence those who are educated and cultured; therefore he regards them as an impossible task and possibly of concern. This is why he practically appeased this group of people so as not to loose support, disregarding the thought of ever gaining it from them, particularly through propaganda.Mussolini thought that the educated and cultured were unreachable through propaganda, but there were still attempts made to influence them through the likes of literature, music and drama. However it was considered less important as it would not gain as much support as easily as with the ignorant masses. For example Mussolini spoke of a theatre for twenty thousand, hoping to extend this art form to the masses. However it never happened as this area was such a low priority.Mussolinis appeasement of the cultured and educated arose from their presumed interest groups such as literature, art and the newspapers. As pre-mentioned, Mussolini could not heavily indoctrinate Italy as with Nazi Germany as he needed to keep elitists and the King on side. The Pope and religion was also too heavily influential in Italy to completely indoctrinate the nation, he would loose too much su pport. He kept the cultured groups support by not forcing anything on them and not taking anything away. In this way he kept their support instead of trying to gain more of it. A good example of this is within the media, particularly newspapers. The newspapers began to be censored in 1923 by Prefects and by 1926 the last opposition paper suppressed.However, although the only press agency was run by a fascist, the propaganda was extremely subtle. So much so, that some papers that remained were allowed to continue in growth such as the Vaticans paper which increased in circulation from 20 000 to 250 000 in the late 1930s. Some foreign papers were also allowed in Italy. The same system applied to the radio, where the cultured and educated were allowed access to alternative radio stations such as the Vatican broadcasts, the BBC and the Rosselli broadcast from Spain. This was all the more appealing as some luxuries were able to stay. Mussolini was not forcing the educated to read the pos ters and go to the cinema, he appeased them instead.Mussolini thought he could never influence those with education and culture and solely aimed specific forms of propaganda at the general public, he possibly did reach the cultured with it. He thought they were too clever to be influenced by propaganda aimed at who he thinks are the stupid masses (Robson) which actually reflects how he positions himself within society. He ranks himself at the top, intelligent, yet he has mistaken the cultured for having an emotive level that involves patriotism and pride. Through their failure during WW1, many Italians (irrelevant of education) will have felt shame and have hope of a rebirth of a greater Italy. Propaganda such as parades and national sporting events may have had an impact outside the ignorant masses, questioning the idea of never being able to reach the educated and cultured. It is questionable whether they realised they were possibly reaching this higher group, but as the assessmen t states that Mussolini KNEW that he could NEVER influence the probability is that they really knew they couldnt reach anyone cultured and educated at all by any means and that any success was by chance.In conclusion, I agree with this assessment of fascist propaganda to the extent that the majority of the propaganda was aimed at the general public or ignorant masses. However there were sub-classes which the propaganda did reach and exceptions to the statement of never influencing those with education, and solely aiming it at the masses. Educated and cultured members of the public may have had interests in modern day architecture, ancient Rome or sport that drew them to appreciate the Fascists regime and give it more support. It seems likely that propaganda played a major role in sustaining Mussolinis regime and making him an extremely popular leader. This in itself supports the idea that he had a majority of support of the masses, which was influenced by successful and subtle propa ganda. Mussolini knew that he could never influence those with education and culture, so his propaganda was solely aimed at the ignorant masses Essay Example Mussolini knew that he could never influence those with education and culture, so his propaganda was solely aimed at the ignorant masses Essay How far do you agree with this assessment of Fascist propaganda? (1924-1936)It is true to say that much of the fascist propaganda implemented during Mussolinis dictatorship was created for the ignorant masses. However, the propaganda cannot be described as being solely aimed at typical Italians as other forms were used to reach the high cultured and educated members of the public.The use of the term ignorant masses has a specific context within this assessment. As the text describes what Mussolini knew and how he acted, we can understand the words to be thought of as Mussolinis interpretation of the general public. He was known to describe them as stupid, dirty, do not work hard enough and are content with their little cinema show (Robson), thus beneath him. Mussolini knew that they were the easier option and more susceptible to propaganda, he was aware of the educated and cultured posing a difficult task and almost a threat. His appeasement with this higher cultured group determines the level of propaganda taken upon the ignorant masses. However there were still forms of propaganda that did contact the high cultured and educated, whether intentional or not, and some attempts to reach those slightly less educated and cultured than the intellectuals.Fascist propaganda had many forms and ways to affect people. As Robson comments one must strike the imagination of the public: that is the real secret of how to govern Thats what Mussolini felt Visually high impact and vocally arousing propaganda was the most useful to the Fascists as at least 17% of Italy was completely illiterate throughout 1924-1936. This propaganda could affect the emotive aspect of human nature rather than the intellectual features. The mass media such as posters and radio were a way to impose propaganda upon the completely uneducated. Words are not necessary to crate an immediate and strong impact where the use of colour and image are. The poster for the Olympic Games displaying a javelin thro wer in line with an Italian soldier launching a grenade links Italian prowess in sport with war (Hite). It encourages the fascist ideas of aggressive foreign policy and creates an image of the viewer himself also being capable of doing something great for his country, out on the battlefield instead of the sports field. Posters would contact all groups of people from housewives doing their daily groceries to southern peasant farmers. This particular tactic emphasises the intended audience as an educated and cultured person would be able to see the hidden message. It may also not be interesting enough to attract their attention in the first place as a poster cannot replace literature, art and other cultured interests. This Fascist propaganda was aiming at the most uneducated through the lack of text and use of image.In 1924 radio became state run and content controlled. Their stern, martial tone had as much of an impact as their content of music and ever increasing official broadcasts such as Mussolinis major speeches. Few people had radios although their numbers increased from 40 000 in 1927 to 1 million in 1938. This was renovated by the use of loud speakers in the piazzas and radios in village halls. Although disregarded by Mussolini at first, the radio became a favoured tool in reaching the ignorant masses whether at work, home or even school. Cinema also became a more popular device. Although it was lightly censored, a government agency LUCE was created to produce cinegiornali which were created to standardise cinema outings and indoctrinate viewers with images of a happy and successful Italy. Again the cinema was accessible to many as it was affordable e.g. working class, youth and so was often used for propaganda.Through mass activities such as parades and rallies, Fascism was able to gain support by representing itself through the spectacles themselves, and as Robson observes, striking the imagination. Mussolini obtained details from Stalin of Soviet May Day parades which he imitated, and by creating a bold and exciting atmosphere and strengthening this though large scale, people were enthralled by the new things set before them. At the same time Fascism could transfer values of discipline and collective identity upon observers. Many types of people would be affected by the spectaculars, by being in the presence of them or hearing the roaring crowds and charismatic Piazza Politics on the radio. In the South, radios would be stationed at village halls for the farmers and peasants to hear. This supports the idea that Fascist propaganda was aimed at the ignorant masses (the general public) as it reached out to many. It subtly imposed these ideas by striking patriotic feeling, implying the idea of restoring Italy to a powerful exciting nation.Sport, another mass activity, promoted national pride and the physical and emotional struggle for war. Again it brought about a sense of collective identity, social solidarity and discipline via e xcellent access, opportunity and provision. Many new stadiums were built and successful national teams were seen as a way to increase national pride and therefore support for the regime. E.g. Carnera became the heavyweight boxing champion from 1933-1935. Anyone could take part at low cost, however sport may have reached out to the higher educated and cultured as some may have had interests in sport before Fascists propaganderised it.In terms of culture, the Fascists simplified high cultural aspects such as art to incorporate it into every day life for the masses. Its use was to hark back to ancient Rome, which in itself was a powerful symbol of greatness and success. Art had greater provision such as through architecture so that it had a strong impact throughout day to day life. However impressive it may have been in the large towns and cities, the peasant southern towns saw little of this, only on posters which had a lesser impact. The expense was therefore questionable considering the overall impact. Other failure stems from cultural diversity in Italy. One Fascist style could not be decided upon, and to do this would appear far too obvious as indoctrination and control. Particularly with more educated classes, e.g. teachers- Mussolini classed as the ignorant masses, who may have seen through it and would retract their support. All other aspects of Fascist propaganda were tried to be subtle and so art was a tough area to settle on.Defining those with education and high culture needs to be in context of Mussolinis character. His view of those with culture and education will be in league with himself, the messiah or comparatively close in relation to the ignorant masses. With Mussolini as an arrogant and condescending leader, it is drastic for him to know that he could absolutely never influence those who are educated and cultured; therefore he regards them as an impossible task and possibly of concern. This is why he practically appeased this group of people so as not to loose support, disregarding the thought of ever gaining it from them, particularly through propaganda.Mussolini thought that the educated and cultured were unreachable through propaganda, but there were still attempts made to influence them through the likes of literature, music and drama. However it was considered less important as it would not gain as much support as easily as with the ignorant masses. For example Mussolini spoke of a theatre for twenty thousand, hoping to extend this art form to the masses. However it never happened as this area was such a low priority.Mussolinis appeasement of the cultured and educated arose from their presumed interest groups such as literature, art and the newspapers. As pre-mentioned, Mussolini could not heavily indoctrinate Italy as with Nazi Germany as he needed to keep elitists and the King on side. The Pope and religion was also too heavily influential in Italy to completely indoctrinate the nation, he would loose too much su pport. He kept the cultured groups support by not forcing anything on them and not taking anything away. In this way he kept their support instead of trying to gain more of it. A good example of this is within the media, particularly newspapers. The newspapers began to be censored in 1923 by Prefects and by 1926 the last opposition paper suppressed.However, although the only press agency was run by a fascist, the propaganda was extremely subtle. So much so, that some papers that remained were allowed to continue in growth such as the Vaticans paper which increased in circulation from 20 000 to 250 000 in the late 1930s. Some foreign papers were also allowed in Italy. The same system applied to the radio, where the cultured and educated were allowed access to alternative radio stations such as the Vatican broadcasts, the BBC and the Rosselli broadcast from Spain. This was all the more appealing as some luxuries were able to stay. Mussolini was not forcing the educated to read the pos ters and go to the cinema, he appeased them instead.Mussolini thought he could never influence those with education and culture and solely aimed specific forms of propaganda at the general public, he possibly did reach the cultured with it. He thought they were too clever to be influenced by propaganda aimed at who he thinks are the stupid masses (Robson) which actually reflects how he positions himself within society. He ranks himself at the top, intelligent, yet he has mistaken the cultured for having an emotive level that involves patriotism and pride. Through their failure during WW1, many Italians (irrelevant of education) will have felt shame and have hope of a rebirth of a greater Italy. Propaganda such as parades and national sporting events may have had an impact outside the ignorant masses, questioning the idea of never being able to reach the educated and cultured. It is questionable whether they realised they were possibly reaching this higher group, but as the assessmen t states that Mussolini KNEW that he could NEVER influence the probability is that they really knew they couldnt reach anyone cultured and educated at all by any means and that any success was by chance.In conclusion, I agree with this assessment of fascist propaganda to the extent that the majority of the propaganda was aimed at the general public or ignorant masses. However there were sub-classes which the propaganda did reach and exceptions to the statement of never influencing those with education, and solely aiming it at the masses. Educated and cultured members of the public may have had interests in modern day architecture, ancient Rome or sport that drew them to appreciate the Fascists regime and give it more support. It seems likely that propaganda played a major role in sustaining Mussolinis regime and making him an extremely popular leader. This in itself supports the idea that he had a majority of support of the masses, which was influenced by successful and subtle propa ganda.